PLE Category: Anatomy

PLE-580

A 13-year-old girl suffers from a type of neural tube defect called tethered cord syndrome, a congenital anomaly that results from defective closure of the neural tube. This girl has strong muscle function of the flexors of the thigh, but she has weakness of the extensors (hamstrings). A lesion has occurred at which of the following spinal cord levels?

PLE-576

A 10-year-old girl has crashed into her neighbor’s brick fence while riding her bike and is brought to the emergency department with a great deal of abdominal pain. Her radiogram and angiogram show laceration of the superior mesenteric artery immediately distal to the origin of the middle colic artery. If collateral circulation is discounted, which of the following organs may become ischemic?

PLE-577

A 13-year-old boy has difficulty in breathing because he is choking on food. A school nurse performs the Valsalva maneuver to expel air from his lungs and thus dislodge the food. When that fails, she performs a needle cricothyrotomy, which would open into which of the following regions?

PLE-575

A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department complaining of nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. On examination, he was found to have tenderness and pain on the right lower quadrant. Based on signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. During an appendectomy performed at McBurney’s point, which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?

PLE-572

A 26-year-old male came from a fist fight and was brought to your clinic due to difficulty moving the eyeball. MRI revealed isolated rupture of the annulus of Zinn. Which of the following eye muscles, whose origin would remain unaffected?

PLE-573

A 1-month-old baby is readmitted to the hospital with hypoxia and upon testing is found to have pulmonary stenosis, transposition of the aorta, interventricular septal defect, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Which of the following is best described by these symptoms?

PLE-574

A 10-month-old girl was admitted to the children’s hospital with tachypnea (fast breathing) and shortness of breath. Physical examination further exhibits tachycardia (fast heart rate), a bounding peripheral pulse, and her angiography reveal a patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following embryonic arterial structures is most likely responsible for the origin of the patent ductus arteriosus?

PLE-569

In doing pelvic surgery, you noticed that there is a nerve found anterior to the psoas muscle. This is probably the what?

PLE-570

A 25-year-old male presents with severe colicky lumbar pain on the right. KUB was done, revealing a radiolucent stone. Where is the stone most likely lodged?