Four months after an MI, a 45-year-old male starts experiencing gradually worsening exertional dyspnea associated with 3-pillow orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. On physical examination, you note bibasilar rales on auscultation and Grade 2 bipedal edema. Which of the following are cornerstones of treatment?
What is the level of dopamine in Parkinson’s Disease and in Schizophrenia, respectively?
A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive shortness of breath during the past 6 months. She now has to rest three or four times when climbing one flight of stairs. She is a 30-pack-year smoker. She has a chronic nonproductive cough and has wheezing controlled with an albuterol inhaler two to three times weekly. Arterial blood gas analysis reveals pH 7.37, pCO2 48, pO2 62, O2 sat 92%. Her FEV1 is 75% of predicted, and total lung capacity is 50% of predicted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department comatose after sustaining severe head trauma in a head-on motor vehicle collision. His medical history is unknown. Over the next hour, he receives 80 mL of 0.45% saline and has a urine output of 900 mL. Laboratory studies show Na 147, glucose 124, osmolality 294, urine specific gravity 1.001. A CT scan of the head shows scattered contusions and a subarachnoid hemorrhage. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s increased urinary output?
A 21-year-old African American college student has had increasing fatigue over the past 3 weeks. Since an episode of cystitis treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 3 weeks ago, he has been unable to keep up with his physical education classes. For 6 months, he has been following a vegetarian diet that has been supervised by student health services. Examination shows no abnormalities. His hemoglobin level is 10 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume is 85µm3, and reticulocyte count is 15%. What is the most likely cause of anemia in this patient?
A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after he was found on the floor of his house. He has renal failure but has missed his last two dialysis treatments. His renal failure was caused by inadvertent ingestion of ethylene glycol. Medications include amlodipine and doxazosin. On arrival, his temperature is 37.5 C (99.5 F), blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg, pulse is 95/min and regular, and respirations are 24/min. His breathing is rapid and deep. Crackles are heard in the lung bases. Laboratory studies show: – Na+ 135 mEq/L – Cl- 102 mEq/L – K+ 7.1 mEq/L – HCO3- 12 mEq/L – pH 7.22 – PCO2 31 mmHg – PO2 61 mmHg An ECG shows peaked T-waves. It will be at least 45 minutes before dialysis can be started. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Which patients cannot be given streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activators, except?
What clinical findings can be appreciated in a patient with aortic regurgitation, except?
What determines Rh positivity?
Minda, a 36-year-old G2P1 who is 25 weeks AOG, has come to your clinic for a follow-up check-up. Last month, you diagnosed her with gestational diabetes and prescribed Metformin 500mg tablet once a day. You want to know her glycemic status over the prior 2 weeks. What test should you request?