PLE Category: Surgery

PLE-8120

The yearly mammogram of a 65-year-old postmenopausal woman shows an irregular area of microcalcification that has grown in size compared with her mammogram from 2 years ago. She missed her mammogram last year. Physical examination is unrevealing, without lymphadenopathy or nodularity in the breasts. You refer her to a surgeon, and a 2-cm invasive ductal carcinoma is removed from her left breast. Sentinel node biopsy shows two positive lymph nodes, and axillary dissection reveals five additional positive nodes. The tumor expresses the estrogen receptor (ER). Which of the following interventions would increase her chance of cure?

PLE-8114

A 57-year-old male with poorly controlled hypertension presents with acute onset, painless loss of vision in the left eye. PE reveals a relative afferent pupillary defect, and fundoscopy of the affected eye showed a cherry red spot over a pale background. What is the diagnosis?

PLE-8115

A 42-year-old man with a gunshot wound to the right upper quadrant (RUQ) and epigastric area arrives in the ER. He is drowsy, pale, with a blood pressure of 80/60, heart rate of 120, and respiratory rate of 35. His abdomen is distended, tense, and with diffuse rebound tenderness. What is the most appropriate procedure?

PLE-8116

Where are thyroglossal duct cysts most commonly located?

PLE-8111

A 26-year-old victim of a vehicular accident is brought on a stretcher in the ER. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 70/40 and heart rate is 65. The extremities are warm, and he is noted to have decreased sensorium. Which of the following is the appropriate initial management?

PLE-8112

Which of the following pertains to osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis of the pediatric hip and is thought to be due to vascular compromise?

PLE-8113

Which of the following orthopedic conditions describe a form of neuropathic arthropathy that affects some diabetics with peripheral neuropathy?

PLE-8107

Following an MI, did the 65-year-old male patient experience an acute heart failure? Was there an associated acute occurrence of a holosystolic blowing murmur at the apical area? What is the mechanism behind this?

PLE-8108

What is the maximum amount of time that kidneys for transplantation can be preserved?

PLE-8109

Which of the following maneuvers involve clamping of the portal triad and are used for hemostasis and control of bleeding during hepatic surgery?